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Many other transportation networks are likely be vulnerable the same sort of attack, since the ransomware used attacks Microsoft Windows-based computers with outdated software, said Ed Cabrera, chief cybersecurity officer at TrendMicro.

“I haven’t seen another ransomware attack against another transportation entity,” said Ed Cabrera, chief cybersecurity officer with antivirus vendor Trend Micro Inc.

Investigators say a small corps of elite hacking groups is carrying out the attacks. “The skill level to create the malware for the actual network intrusions is a step up,” from more common ATM crimes, said Robert McArdle, a security researcher with antivirus vendorTrend Micro Inc.

EDR, meanwhile, is now part of the product lines of traditional AV companies such as McAfee, Symantec, and Trend Micro. "EDR is rapidly becoming a feature" in most new endpoint security products, Gartner's Firstbrook says.

According to Trend Micro researchers, since the Adobe fix and the announcement of the Windows zero-day patch, the Pawn Storm attackers ramped up their spear-phishing campaigns against various governments and embassies around the world, seeking to maximize the utility of the soon-to-be patched Windows zero-day.